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In the in 1980’s Indonesia can export around 2000 tons of oud to the whole globe, now within 20 years this capability had been decreased rapidly.

With an extensive explotation and without any effort of replanting from the locals, the oud is in mortal danger of extinction.

In 1992 the Convetion for Threatened and Endagered Species or CITES put Aquilaria and Grynops under CITES appendix II . But luck seems haven’t leave the golden tree. Research that were taken by American named Robert .A. Blanchette in Vietnam in 2001 had put a golden key for it’s survival. But in my personal opinion his research is nothing more then taking deeper experiment that had being done by locals long before his research. Such as nailing the agarwood, but his further research is a leap for agarwood or Oud survivability. This is inducement or innoculation using certain fungus that were inside the agarwood or oud itself.

We know that Oud or agarwood is a process of infection. The infection is caused by fungus. In the wild this infection can take from a decade to several centuries process.

The basic principal of Oud or agarwood inducement is copying this process but in quicker way.

Oud had very soft and light wood, so it was easy prey for bugs and fungus.

In the wild the infection begins with an insect larvae attack, the insect are making tunnel and live inside the tree for a period of time. The larvae activity inside the wood make a side effect which is the creation of micro climate inside the tunnel. So the tunnel that is a wound will be infected with fungus and the tree emmits resin to fight the evil boarders.

From those principals we make such process only with better way in controlled enviroment and correct dosage of fungus. We drill them and put fungus inside the holes.

This may look cruel but the ever demand of oud in the world cannot meet with the Oud stock in the jungle. So one way or another, this must be done so our children and their descendant may still can appreciate the golden tree.

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According to botanical point of view, oudh trees can be divided into several familia and genus. From it’s familia the agarwood or oudh trees were divided into 3 kinds of familia the first is the Thymeleaceae. This familia had several genus the first is Aetoxylon, the second is Aquillaria, the third is Enklenia, the fourth is Gonystylus, the fifth is Wikstroemia (use to be found in Java, now extinct because exessive hunting during the Dutch colonial era.)
the sixth is Grynops.

The second familia is Leguminosae it only had one genus Dalbergia, The last familia is Euphorbiacae it also had only one genus that is Excoecaria.

Now we shall discuss about species, Aetoxylon only had one species that able to produce agarwood resin that is Aetoxylon Sympetalum also known as kayu bidurob, laka, garu buaya and pelabayan. A.Sympetalum has average high of 15 M or 49.212 ft with 25-27 cm in diamater. It has egg shapped leaf, it grows in sandy low land forest with average rain rate per year is about 1400 mm/year.

As for Aquilaria genus it has the riches and the best species that can produce agarwood resin. It has several species the first is Aquilaria Beccariana, secondly Aquilaria Microcarpa this tree is able to grow 35 M or 114.82 ft in high and 70 cm in it’s diameter, The third is the queen of Indonesian oudh Aquillaria Malacenensis LAMK this tree can grow about 40 M or 131.23 ft in high (as tall as cellphone tower!) with it’s diameter 80 cm. This tree is the best producer of agarwood resin and oil in Indonesia.The fourth is Aquilaria Fillaria it  is only grow to the average high of 15-18 M and the trunk diameter  is only 50 cm. this tree is natively to eastern part on Indonesia such Moluccas and  Papua. In Papua this tree call as Age and in Moluccas known as Las.  The fifth is Aquilaria Cumingiani.

The third genus is Gonystylus. It had 2 species G.bancanus and G.macrophyllus This plant is a huge one. It can reach 45 M in hight and it’s diameter ranged from 30-120 cm (almost as large as a dinning table.)  this tree live in the bogs or wetlands. It produce ball resin.   The ball resin formed because an infection hit the ex branches growing area. It grows in Sumatera and Kalimantan (borneo)

The fourth genus  is Enkleia. Enkleia is a  liana plant wich means it’s a climber plant (it climb up to another plant trunk’s or any other things to gain sunlight). This plant lenght can reach 30 M and the trunk diameter is only 10 cm. It has red colored trunk with branches and also a hook that use for climbing.

The fifth  genus is Wikstroemia
This plant is a bush plant. It can reach 7 M in high it’s branches diameter it’s only 7.5 cm. The  branches where red or brownnish colored. In Indonesia there are 3 species of Wikstoemia,  Wisktroemia androsalmofolia Decne found in Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, East Nusa Tenggara and Papua. The second  Wikstroemia polyantha Merr found all over Indonesia and the third is Wikstroemia Miq found in Sumatera and Kalimantan.

The sixth genus from Thylemeceae is Grynops it has 2 species Grynops verstegii found in Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi , Moluccas and Papua the second species  Grynops cumingiani this plant found in Sumatra.

Now we shall discuss the second family the Legumiosae, this Family only had one genus and one species that can produce agarwood resin. Dalbergia parvifolia from the genus of Dalbergia found in Sumatera and Kalimantan. This plant is a liana plant.

The last Family is Euphorbiaceae. From this family we found one genus Excoeccaria, the only species that can produce agarwood resin is Excoeccaria Agalocha. This tree live in the mangrove area. It can reach 10-20 M and it’s trunk diameter can reach 40 cm.

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